一、镀锌防腐的基本原理

1、 Basic Principles of Galvanized Corrosion Protection

镀锌是一种牺牲阳出色以保护阴出色金属的方法。锌具有较好的耐腐蚀性，在大气条件下能够优先发生腐蚀，从而保护钢铁基体。锌层与铁的结合面形成一层锌铁合金，增强了锌层的附着力，为桥架提供了可靠的保护屏障。不同的镀锌工艺形成的锌层厚度差异显著，耐腐蚀寿命主要取决于镀锌层的厚度和使用环境中的腐蚀速率。

Galvanizing is a method of sacrificing the anode to protect the cathode metal. Zinc has good corrosion resistance and can preferentially corrode under atmospheric conditions, thus protecting the steel substrate. The bonding surface between the zinc layer and iron forms a layer of zinc iron alloy, which enhances the adhesion of the zinc layer and provides a reliable protective barrier for the bridge. The thickness of the zinc layer formed by different galvanizing processes varies significantly, and the corrosion resistance life mainly depends on the thickness of the galvanized layer and the corrosion rate in the usage environment.

二、热浸镀锌的工艺优势

2、 Advantages of hot-dip galvanizing process

热浸镀锌是目前常用的桥架防腐处理方式之一。它在620至650摄氏度高温下进行，将桥架浸入熔融锌液中，在钢基体表面形成厚度一般在65微米以上的锌铁合金层。这种锌层附着力良好，能够为桥架提供较为长久的保护。在一般工业环境中，经过热浸锌处理的钢制桥架可实现较长的理论使用寿命。镀锌层厚度达到一定指标时，在盐雾腐蚀测试中表现突出，能够满足大多数工业环境的使用要求。

Hot dip galvanizing is currently one of the commonly used anti-corrosion treatment methods for bridge structures. It is carried out at a high temperature of 620 to 650 degrees Celsius, immersing the bridge in molten zinc to form a zinc iron alloy layer with a thickness of generally over 65 microns on the surface of the steel substrate. This zinc layer has good adhesion and can provide long-term protection for the bridge. In general industrial environments, steel bridge frames treated with hot-dip galvanizing can achieve a longer theoretical service life. When the thickness of the galvanized layer reaches a certain index, it performs outstandingly in salt spray corrosion testing and can meet the requirements of most industrial environments.

三、电镀锌与静电喷涂的应用

3、 Application of Zinc Electroplating and Electrostatic Spraying

对于薄壁桥架或使用年限要求不高的场合，电镀锌也是一种相对经济的防腐处理方式。电镀锌工艺相对简单，经过钝化处理后可以显著提高保护性能，但电镀锌层一般厚度较薄，在耐腐蚀寿命要求较高的应用场景中并不十分适合。静电喷涂，如环氧粉末喷涂或聚酯粉末喷涂，具有外表面美观、防化学腐蚀效果较好的特点，但与金属镀层相比附着强度相对有限，耐冲刷和颗粒磨损的能力有所欠缺，且抗紫外线能力稍差，一般不适合长期在室外使用。不过，经过改良的聚酯粉末添加纳米光稳定剂后，户外耐久性有明显提升。

For thin-walled cable trays or occasions with low service life requirements, galvanizing is also a relatively economical anti-corrosion treatment method. The electroplating process is relatively simple, and after passivation treatment, the protective performance can be significantly improved. However, the thickness of the electroplating layer is generally thin, which is not very suitable for applications with high requirements for corrosion resistance and service life. Electrostatic spraying, such as epoxy powder spraying or polyester powder spraying, has the characteristics of beautiful outer surface and good chemical corrosion resistance. However, compared with metal coatings, the adhesion strength is relatively limited, the ability to resist erosion and particle wear is lacking, and the ability to resist ultraviolet rays is slightly poor. It is generally not suitable for long-term outdoor use. However, after adding nano light stabilizers to the improved polyester powder, the outdoor durability has been significantly improved.

四、特殊环境下的防腐方案

4、 Anti corrosion solutions in special environments

在化工、沿海等重腐蚀环境中，热浸镀锌配合外涂高分子聚合物层的方式可进一步延长桥架的寿命。高分子涂层能有效阻止水汽等侵入热镀锌层和基体，防止镀锌层发生劣变。此外，对于含盐量较高或二氧化硫气体存在较明显的环境中，铝合金桥架经过阳出色氧化处理后，其防腐性能显著优于普通钢制桥架，在部分场景尤其是沿海地区受到越来越多的关注。不锈钢桥架在强腐蚀环境中也表现优异，但材料成本相对较高。玻璃钢桥架则以其优良的耐腐蚀和电绝缘性能，在化工、矿井等严苛环境中具有不可忽视的作用。

In heavily corrosive environments such as chemical and coastal areas, hot-dip galvanizing combined with external coating of polymer layers can further extend the service life of cable trays. Polymer coatings can effectively prevent water vapor and other substances from entering the hot-dip galvanized layer and substrate, preventing deterioration of the galvanized layer. In addition, for environments with high salt content or significant presence of sulfur dioxide gas, aluminum alloy bridge frames, after anodizing treatment, have significantly better anti-corrosion performance than ordinary steel bridge frames, and are receiving increasing attention in some scenarios, especially in coastal areas. Stainless steel cable trays also perform well in highly corrosive environments, but the material cost is relatively high. Fiberglass cable trays play an indispensable role in harsh environments such as chemical and mining due to their excellent corrosion resistance and electrical insulation properties.

五、日常维护与定期检查

5、 Daily maintenance and regular inspections

防腐措施不只是依靠出厂加工后的镀层，还需要日常使用与管理中的适当维护。及时清理桥架表面的积尘、油污和腐蚀性液体，避免长期暴露在潮湿和腐蚀物沉积的环境中，有助于减少局部腐蚀的萌生。定期检查锌层或涂层的完好性，对于出现划伤、破损或涂层脱落的部位进行修补，可以防止腐蚀从局部向整体蔓延。通过科学选型与规范维护相结合，镀锌电缆桥架的防腐性能能够得到充分保障，从而有效延缓老化进程。

Anti corrosion measures not only rely on the coating after factory processing, but also require appropriate maintenance in daily use and management. Timely cleaning of dust, oil stains, and corrosive liquids on the surface of the bridge, avoiding long-term exposure to damp and corrosive environments, can help reduce the initiation of local corrosion. Regularly checking the integrity of the zinc layer or coating and repairing areas with scratches, damages, or coating detachment can prevent corrosion from spreading from local to overall. By combining scientific selection with standardized maintenance, the anti-corrosion performance of galvanized cable trays can be fully guaranteed, effectively delaying the aging process.

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