济南电缆桥架：严守30%红线，杜绝光伏电缆发热起火隐患

　　Jinan cable tray: strictly adhere to the 30% plot ratio red line, eliminate the hidden danger of photovoltaic cable heating and fire

　　在济南及周边工商业光伏项目施工与运维中，从业者往往紧盯组件效率、逆变器稳定性，却容易忽视电缆桥架内**电缆**这一关键红线，这也是不少电站后期出现电缆发热、线路老化甚起火隐患的核心诱因。电缆直接关系线路运行与电站使用寿命，尤其济南夏季高温、冬季温差大，户外光伏线缆长期处于高低温交替环境，管控更容不得半点马虎。行业明确规定，光伏桥架内电缆必须严控在30%以内，突破这条红线，轻则加速线缆老化、增加线路损耗，重则引发事故，给项目带来不可挽回的损失。

　　In the construction and operation of industrial and commercial photovoltaic projects in Jinan and its surrounding areas, practitioners often focus on component efficiency and inverter stability, but easily overlook the key safety red line of * * cable volume ratio * * in cable trays. This is also the core cause of cable heating, line aging, and even fire hazards in many power plants in the later stage. The cable plot ratio is directly related to the safe operation of the power line and the service life of the power station, especially in Jinan where there is a high temperature in summer and a large temperature difference in winter. Outdoor photovoltaic cables are exposed to alternating high and low temperatures for a long time, and plot ratio control cannot be taken lightly. According to industry regulations, the cable volume ratio inside photovoltaic cable trays must be strictly controlled within 30%. Breaking this red line can accelerate cable aging and increase line losses, or cause safety accidents and irreversible losses to the project.

　　电缆，简单来说就是电缆总截面积与桥架内部有效横截面积的比值，是光伏桥架布线的核心技术指标，也是行业强制规范的标准。30%的红线，是经过大量实测与工程验证得出的阈值，这个比例既能保证线缆在桥架内有序排布，预留充足的散热空间，又能满足常规光伏项目的布线需求，兼顾实用性与性。很多施工方为了节省成本、简化施工，盲目在桥架内多布线缆，将拉高40%、50%甚更高，线缆相互挤压、层层堆叠，完全没有散热间隙，这是极其危险的违规操作。

　　Cable plot ratio, simply put, is the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of the cable to the effective cross-sectional area inside the cable tray. It is the core technical indicator for photovoltaic cable tray wiring and a mandatory safety standard in the industry. The 30% plot ratio red line is a safety threshold obtained through extensive testing and engineering verification. This ratio can ensure that cables are arranged in an orderly manner within the cable tray, reserve sufficient heat dissipation space, and meet the wiring requirements of conventional photovoltaic projects, balancing practicality and safety. Many construction companies, in order to save costs and simplify construction, blindly lay more cables inside the bridge, increasing the volume ratio to 40%, 50%, or even higher. The cables are squeezed and stacked layer by layer without any heat dissipation gaps, which is an extremely dangerous violation of regulations.

　　电缆超标，危害会逐步显现且不可逆。是**持续发热**，线缆密集排布导致热量无法散发，运行温度远超设计标准，结合此前桥架散热实测数据，温度每升高5℃，线路损耗提升0.5%-1%，不仅会“偷走”发电量，1兆瓦电站一年或多发损失上万度电，更会加速电缆绝缘层老化变脆，失去绝缘保护效果。长期超负荷发热，会让线缆绝缘层逐步融化、开裂，进而引发线路短路、漏电，极端情况下直接触发起火事故，烧毁整个布线系统，甚波及光伏组件与周边设备，造成重大财产损失，还会带来人身风险。

　　If the cable volume ratio exceeds the standard, the harm will gradually become apparent and irreversible. Firstly, the continuous heating caused by the dense arrangement of cables results in the inability to dissipate heat, and the operating temperature far exceeds the design standard. Based on previous measured data on bridge heat dissipation, for every 5 ℃ increase in temperature, the line loss increases by 0.5% -1%. This not only "steals" the power generation, but also accelerates the aging and brittleness of the cable insulation layer, resulting in a loss of insulation protection effect for a 1 MW power plant that generates tens of thousands of kilowatt hours of electricity per year or more. Long term overload heating can cause the insulation layer of cables to gradually melt and crack, leading to short circuits and leakage of electricity. In extreme cases, it can directly trigger a fire accident, burning down the entire wiring system and even affecting photovoltaic modules and peripheral equipment, causing significant property damage and personal safety risks.

　　济南地区光伏项目施工，选用适配的济南电缆桥架，配合规范布线，是严守30%红线的关键。针对光伏直流、交流线缆分类布线需求，优先选择梯式桥架或带通风孔托盘桥架，这类桥架本身散热效率高，配合合规，双重保障线缆降温；施工过程中，严禁为了省事混布线、多布线，提前测算线缆截面积，合理规划桥架规格与数量，做到线缆排布整齐、间距均匀，不挤压、不缠绕。同时，强弱电线缆分开布设，进一步预留散热空间，从施工源头杜绝超标问题。

　　The construction of photovoltaic projects in Jinan area requires the use of suitable Jinan cable trays and standardized wiring, which is the key to strictly adhering to the 30% plot ratio red line. For the classification and wiring needs of photovoltaic DC and AC cables, priority should be given to ladder style cable trays or tray trays with ventilation holes. These types of cable trays have high heat dissipation efficiency and, combined with compliant volume ratios, provide dual protection for cable cooling; During the construction process, it is strictly prohibited to mix wiring and multiple wiring in order to save time. It is necessary to calculate the cross-sectional area of cables in advance, plan the specifications and quantity of cable trays reasonably, and ensure that cables are arranged neatly, evenly spaced, and not squeezed or tangled. At the same time, strong and weak electrical cables are laid separately to further reserve heat dissipation space and eliminate the problem of excessive plot ratio from the construction source.

　　除了布线规范，桥架材质选型同样要适配济南本地气候，户外光伏项目必须选用热浸锌或铝合金材质桥架，热浸锌桥架锌层厚度≥85μm，抗老化、耐腐蚀，适应济南四季温差、雨水冲刷环境，避免桥架变形挤压线缆，间接导致超标。运维阶段也要定期巡检，查看线缆排布情况与温度，及时整改违规布线，提前排查发热隐患，不要等到线缆老化、故障频发才重视。

　　In addition to the wiring specification, the selection of bridge materials should also adapt to the local climate of Jinan. Hot dip galvanized or aluminum alloy bridges must be selected for outdoor photovoltaic projects. The thickness of the zinc layer of the hot dip galvanized bridge is ≥ 85 μ m, which is anti-aging and corrosion resistant. It can adapt to the temperature difference and rain wash environment in four seasons of Jinan, and avoid the deformation of the bridge and extrusion of the cable, which will indirectly lead to the floor area ratio exceeding the standard. Regular inspections should also be carried out during the operation and maintenance phase to check the cable layout and temperature, promptly rectify any unauthorized wiring, and identify potential heating hazards in advance. Do not wait until the cables age or experience frequent malfunctions to take them seriously.

　　光伏项目无小事，电缆看似是辅材施工的小细节，实则是关乎电站与收益的大问题。济南电缆桥架作为光伏布线核心载体，不仅要选对散热款型、材质，更要严守30%这条红线，规范施工、科学布线。只有兼顾散热效率与布线规范，才能从根源上杜绝电缆发热、老化、起火隐患，保障光伏电站长期稳定运行，守住项目收益，避免因小失大。

　　The safety of photovoltaic projects is no small matter, and the cable plot ratio may seem like a small detail in the construction of auxiliary materials, but it is actually a major issue related to the safety and profitability of power plants. As the core carrier of photovoltaic wiring, Jinan cable tray not only needs to choose the right type of heat dissipation and high-quality materials, but also strictly adhere to the safety red line of 30% plot ratio, standardize construction, and scientifically route. Only by balancing heat dissipation efficiency and wiring standards can we fundamentally eliminate the hidden dangers of cable heating, aging, and fire, ensure the long-term safe and stable operation of photovoltaic power plants, safeguard project profits, and avoid losing big for small gains.

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