一、桥架的选型及分类：

　　1、 Selection and classification of cable trays:

　　桥架选型不仅要能满足项目现场线缆敷设的需求及其相关规范的规定，同时还要考虑具体项目现场的安装条件，选用合适类型、合适表面处理工艺的钢制电缆桥架，下面我们就从桥架表面处理工艺以及桥架自身结构的不同探讨一下桥架选型。

　　The selection of cable trays should not only meet the requirements of cable laying on the project site and the relevant regulations, but also consider the installation conditions of the specific project site. Suitable types and surface treatment processes of steel cable trays should be selected. Below, we will explore the selection of cable trays based on the differences in surface treatment processes and the structure of the trays themselves.

　　（一）、按桥架表面处理工艺分：

　　（1） According to the surface treatment process of the bridge frame:

　　1、电镀锌桥架：适用于一般的环境中，由于造价低廉，现场安装方便，既适用于动力电缆的安装，也适用于控制电缆的敷设，是石油、化工、轻工、电视、电讯等方面应用广泛的一种桥架

　　1. Galvanized cable tray: suitable for general environments, due to its low cost and easy on-site installation, it is suitable for both power cable installation and control cable laying. It is the most widely used cable tray in petroleum, chemical, light industry, television, telecommunications and other fields

　　2、热镀锌电缆桥架：适用于环境较为恶劣的酸碱及潮湿的环境中，耐腐蚀性好、使用寿命长，相对成本稍高

　　2. Hot dip galvanized cable tray: suitable for environments with harsh acidity, alkalinity, and humidity, with good corrosion resistance, long service life, and slightly higher relative cost

　　3、静电粉末喷涂电缆桥架：可以根据塑粉的颜色加工成各种颜色，色泽美观，并可根据使用的环境不同采用环氧塑粉和聚酯粉，使用范围广泛，造型美观大方

　　3. Electrostatic powder coating cable tray: can be processed into various colors according to the color of the plastic powder, with beautiful color. It can also use epoxy powder and polyester powder according to different usage environments, with a wide range of applications and beautiful and elegant shapes

　　4、不锈钢桥架：高耐蚀不锈钢桥架能适用于各种化工企业的酸、碱型大气重腐蚀介质，不仅使用寿命长，而且美观、易清洁，是其他任何材料桥架产品无法替代的。

　　4. Stainless steel bridge frame: High corrosion resistant stainless steel bridge frame can be used for acid and alkali atmospheric heavy corrosive media in various chemical enterprises. It not only has a long service life, but also is beautiful and easy to clean, which cannot be replaced by any other material bridge frame product.

　　5、铝合金电缆桥架：采用铝合金型材为主要材料加工而成，角铁电缆支架具有质轻美观，防腐耐用等优点，特别用于高层建筑、现代化厂房使用;

　　5. Aluminum alloy cable tray: made mainly of aluminum alloy profiles, angle iron cable brackets have the advantages of light weight, beauty, corrosion resistance, and durability, especially for use in high-rise buildings and modern factories;

　　6、玻璃钢桥架：由玻璃纤维增强塑料和阻燃剂及其它材料组成，通过复合模压料加不锈钢屏蔽网压制而成。由于其所选材料具有较低的导热系数及阻燃剂的加入使产品不仅具有耐火隔热性、自熄性，而且具有很高的耐腐蚀性，同时还具有结构轻、耐老化、可靠等优点，在一般环境地区，特别是在沿海监雾地区、高湿度和有腐蚀性的环境中，更能显示出它的优势。

　　6. Fiberglass bridge frame: composed of glass fiber reinforced plastic, flame retardant and other materials, pressed by composite molding material and stainless steel shielding mesh. Due to the low thermal conductivity of the selected materials and the addition of flame retardants, the product not only has fire-resistant insulation and self extinguishing properties, but also has high corrosion resistance. At the same time, it has the advantages of light structure, aging resistance, safety and reliability. In general environmental areas, especially in coastal fog monitoring areas, high humidity and corrosive environments, it can better demonstrate its advantages.

　　（二）、按桥架样式来分，工业与民用建筑常用的有以下几种桥架

　　（2） According to the style of cable trays, there are several commonly used types of cable trays in industrial and civil buildings

　　1、槽式电缆桥架是一种全封闭型电缆桥架，它适用于敷设计算机电缆、通信电缆、热电偶电缆及其它高灵敏系统的控制电缆的屏蔽干扰和重腐蚀环境中电缆的防护都有较好的效果。

　　1. Trough type cable tray is a fully enclosed cable tray, which is most suitable for laying computer cables, communication cables, thermocouple cables, and other control cables of high-sensitivity systems. It has good shielding interference and cable protection in heavily corrosive environments.

　　2、梯级式桥架具有重量轻、成本低、造型别具、安装方便、散热、透气性好等优点，特别适用于一般直径大电缆的敷设，特别适用于高、低动力电缆的敷设。

　　2. Cascade cable trays have the advantages of light weight, low cost, unique design, easy installation, heat dissipation, and good breathability. They are particularly suitable for laying large diameter cables and high and low power cables.

　　3、托盘式电缆桥架具有重量轻、载荷大、造型美观、结构简单、安装方便等优点，它既适合用于动力电缆的安装，也适用于控制电缆的敷设。

　　3. Tray type cable trays have the advantages of light weight, large load capacity, beautiful appearance, simple structure, and easy installation. They are suitable for both the installation of power cables and the laying of control cables.

　　4、大跨距桥架一般是由拉挤玻璃钢型材组装而成，适用于电力电缆、控制电缆、照明电缆及配件等。与铁制桥架相比，具有使用寿命长（一般设计寿命为二十年）、安装方便且成本低（比重仅为碳钢的1/4，施工中无需动火，单根桥架长度可达8米，甚更长）、切割方便、不需维护等优越性。

　　4. Large span cable trays are generally assembled from extruded fiberglass profiles and are suitable for power cables, control cables, lighting cables, and accessories. Compared with iron cable trays, it has advantages such as long service life (generally designed for 20 years), easy installation and low cost (with a specific gravity of only 1/4 of carbon steel, no need for hot work during construction, and a single cable tray length of up to 8 meters or even longer), convenient cutting, and no maintenance required.

　　5、组合式电缆桥架是一种新型桥架，是电缆桥架系列中的第二代产品。它适用各项工程、各种单位、各种电缆的敷设，它具有结构简单、配置灵活、安装方便、形式新颖等特点。

　　5. Composite cable tray is a new type of cable tray and the second generation product in the cable tray series. It is suitable for laying various projects, units, and cables. It has the characteristics of simple structure, flexible configuration, easy installation, and novel form.

　　组合式电缆桥架只要采用宽100、150、200mm的三种基型就可以组成您所需要尺寸的电缆桥架，它不需生产弯通、三通等配件就可以根据现场安装任意转向、变宽、分引上、引下。在任意部位、不需要打孔、焊接就可用管引出。它既可方便工程设计，又方便生产运输、更方便安装施工，是目前电缆桥架中理想的产品

　　The combination cable tray can be assembled into the cable tray of the required size by using three basic types with a width of 100, 150, and 200mm. It does not require the production of bends, tees, and other accessories and can be installed on site in any direction, widened, and divided up and down. Pipe can be used to lead out at any location without drilling or welding. It is not only convenient for engineering design, but also for production and transportation, and more convenient for installation and construction. It is currently the most ideal product in cable trays

　　二、桥架的安装及定额套用

　　2、 Installation and quota application of cable trays

　　（一）桥架安装

　　（1） Bridge installation

　　1、电缆桥架水平安装时的距地高度一般要高于于2.50m，垂直安装时距地2m以下部分应加金属盖板保护，但敷设在电气专用房间（如配电室，电气竖井、技术层等）内时除外。

　　1. When installing cable trays horizontally, the height above the ground should generally be higher than 2.50m. When installing vertically, the part below 2m from the ground should be protected with a metal cover plate, except when laid in electrical dedicated rooms (such as distribution rooms, electrical shafts, technical floors, etc.).

　　2、电缆桥架水平安装时，宜按荷载曲线选取跨距进行支撑，跨距一般为1.5～3m。垂直敷设时，其固定点间距不宜大于2m.

　　2. When installing cable trays horizontally, it is advisable to select the optimal span for support according to the load curve, which is generally 1.5-3m. When laying vertically, the spacing between fixing points should not exceed 2m

　　3、几组电缆桥架在同一高度平行安装时，各相邻电缆桥架间应考虑干扰、维护、检修距离。

　　3. When several sets of cable trays are installed in parallel at the same height, interference, maintenance, and repair distances should be considered between adjacent cable trays.

　　4、.在电缆桥架上可以无间距敷设电缆，电缆在桥架内横断面的填充率：控制电缆不应大于50％，电力电缆不应大于40％。

　　4.  Cables can be laid without distance on cable trays, and the filling rate of cables in the cross-section of the tray should not exceed 50% for control cables and 40% for power cables.

　　5.下列不同电压，不同用途的电缆，不宜敷设在同一层桥架上：

　　5. The following cables with different voltages and purposes should not be laid on the same layer of cable tray:

　　1）1kV以下和lkV以上的电缆。

　　1) Cables below 1kV and above 1kV.

　　2）同一路径向一级负荷供电的双路电源电缆。

　　2) Dual power cables that supply power to the primary load through the same path.

　　3）一般照明和应急照明的电缆。

　　3) Cables for general lighting and emergency lighting.

　　4）弱电和强电电缆。如受条件限制需安装在同一层桥架上时，应用隔板隔开，线于线间隔应该大于200mm。

　　4) Weak current and strong current cables. If installation is required on the same level of bridge due to limitations, partitions should be used to separate them, and the distance between lines should be greater than 200mm.

　　6.电缆桥架与各种管道平行或交叉时，其小净距应符合表1的规定。

　　When cable trays are parallel or intersect with various pipelines, their minimum clear distance should comply with the provisions of Table 1.

　　7.电缆桥架不宜安装在腐蚀性气体管道和热力管道的上方及腐蚀性液体管道的下方，否则应采取防腐、隔热措施。

　　7. Cable trays should not be installed above corrosive gas pipelines and thermal pipelines, or below corrosive liquid pipelines. Otherwise, anti-corrosion and insulation measures should be taken.

　　电缆桥架与各种管道的小净距

　　Minimum clear distance between cable trays and various pipelines

　　8、直线段电缆桥架长度超过 30M 设有伸缩节，其连接宜采用伸缩连接板

　　8. If the length of the straight cable tray exceeds 30M, expansion joints should be installed, and expansion connection plates should be used for its connection

　　9、电缆桥架在穿过防火墙及防火楼板时，应喷防火漆并采取隔离措施。

　　9. When cable trays pass through firewalls and fire-resistant floor slabs, fire-resistant paint should be sprayed and isolation measures should be taken.

　　10、金属桥架安装时接地要求

　　10. Grounding requirements for metal bridge installation

　　（1）、金属电缆桥架及其支架全长应不少于2处与接地(PE)或接零(PEN)干线相连接。

　　(1) The total length of metal cable trays and their supports should be connected to the grounding (PE) or neutral (PEN) main line at no less than 2 points.

　　（2）、 非镀锌电缆桥架间连接板的两端跨接铜芯接地线，接地线小允许截面积不小于4mm2。

　　(2) The two ends of the connecting plate between non galvanized cable trays shall be bridged with copper core grounding wires, and the minimum allowable cross-sectional area of the grounding wire shall not be less than 4mm2.

　　（3）、 镀锌电缆桥架间连接板的两端不跨接接地线，但连接板两端不少于2个有防松螺母或防松垫圈的连接固定螺栓。

　　(3) The two ends of the connecting plate between galvanized cable trays shall not be connected to the grounding wire, but there shall be no less than 2 connection fixing bolts with anti loosening nuts or anti loosening washers at both ends of the connecting plate.

　　（二）定额套用

　　（2） Quota application

　　1、工程量计算规则：桥架安装应按设计图示中心线，以“m”为计量单位，均不扣除变通、三通、四通等配件所占长度

　　1. Calculation rules for engineering quantity: Bridge installation should be carried out according to the centerline of the design drawing, with "m" as the unit of measurement, without deducting the length occupied by flexible, three-way, four-way and other accessories

　　2、桥架安装定额已包括：运输、组对、吊装、固定；弯通或三、四通修改，制作组对；切割口防腐、桥架开孔、上管件、隔板安装、盖板安装、接地、附件安装等工作内容，不得另计。

　　2. The installation quota for cable trays includes transportation, assembly, lifting, and fixation; Modification of bends, tees, and tees by the production team; The work contents such as cutting mouth anti-corrosion, bridge opening, upper pipe fittings, partition installation, cover plate installation, grounding, and accessory installation shall not be separately calculated.

　　3、桥架支撑架项目适用于立柱、托臂及其他各种支撑架的安装。项目中已综合考虑了采用螺栓、焊接和膨胀螺栓三种固定方式，实际施工中，不论采用何种固定方式，均不作调整（注意：桥架支撑架定额适用成品支架，对于用角钢和丝杆另外制作桥架支架可以套用铁构件制作、安装定额号。）

　　3. The bridge support frame project is suitable for the installation of columns, brackets, and other various support frames. In the project, three fixing methods including bolts, welding, and expansion bolts have been comprehensively considered. In actual construction, regardless of which fixing method is used, no adjustments will be made (note: the quota for bridge support frames applies to finished brackets, and for using angle steel and screw rods to make bridge supports separately, iron components can be used to make and install the quota number)

　　4、玻璃钢梯式桥架和铝合金梯式桥架项目均按不带盖考虑，如这两种桥架带盖，则分别执行玻璃钢槽式桥架项目和铝合金槽式桥架项目。

　　4. Both fiberglass ladder bridge and aluminum alloy ladder bridge projects are considered without covers. If these two types of bridges have covers, the fiberglass trough bridge project and aluminum alloy trough bridge project will be executed separately.

　　5、钢制桥架主结构设计厚度大于3mm时，项目人工、机械乘以系数1.20。

　　5. When the design thickness of the main structure of the steel bridge is greater than 3mm, the labor and machinery of the project are multiplied by a factor of 1.20.

　　6、不锈钢桥架按本章钢制桥架项目人工、材料、机械乘以系数1.10。

　　6. Stainless steel cable trays shall be constructed by multiplying the labor, materials, and machinery of the steel cable tray project in this chapter by a factor of 1.10.

　　7、电缆桥架按材质分为钢制(又分为镀锌和喷塑)、玻璃钢和铝合金桥架。按结构分为槽式、托盘、组合桥架。除组合桥架按每100片计量外，其余均按宽加高(mm)区分定额项目。电缆桥架安装项目中已包括弯通、三通等所需人工，但应按定额中桥架含量扣除弯通、三通、四通等所占长度后，另行计算弯通、三通、四通的材料费（注意：桥架弯通、三通、四通的材料费可以另计的）

　　7. Cable trays are divided into steel (galvanized and sprayed), fiberglass, and aluminum alloy trays according to their materials. Divided into trough type, tray type, and combination bridge according to structure. Except for the composite bridge frame, which is measured every 100 pieces, all other quota items are distinguished by width and height (mm). The installation project of cable tray already includes the labor required for bends, tees, etc., but the material cost for bends, tees, and tees should be calculated separately after deducting the length occupied by bends, tees, and tees from the tray content in the quota (note: the material cost for bends, tees, and tees of cable tray can be calculated separately)

　　8、关于桥架支架的计算：大多电气预算员对于桥架支架都是按每米含量计算（如下图）

　　8. Regarding the calculation of bridge bracket: Most electrical budget personnel calculate the bridge bracket based on the content per meter (as shown in the figure below)

　　对于特殊情况我们必须知道桥架支架的具体计算办法，举例说明：

　　For special circumstances, we must know the specific calculation method of the bridge bracket. For example:

　　（1）、水平安装400*150钢制桥架安装的支吊架计算：

　　(1) Calculation of support and hanger for horizontal installation of 400 * 150 steel bridge frame:

　　A、已知层高3.3m，桥架安装高度2.55m。求吊杆直径12圆钢长度：3.3-2.55=0.75m,再加吊杆下端套丝预留及调整水平高度0.05m，及单根单根长度0.75+0.05=0.8m，2根单根吊杆合计长度等于1.6m；又计算桥架底部横担角钢（40*40*4）的长度：桥架宽度0.4m两端各预留0.05m（钻孔装吊杆）长度以后即等于0.4+0.05+0.05=0.6m，楼层顶部安装吊杆角钢2个，每个长度0.1m计0.2m，角钢合计长度为0.6+0.2=0.8m。

　　A、 Given a floor height of 3.3m and a bridge installation height of 2.55m, the diameter of the suspension rod is calculated to be 12. The length of the round steel is 3.3-2.55=0.75m, and the lower end of the suspension rod is threaded to reserve and adjust the horizontal height by 0.05m. The length of each single suspension rod is 0.75+0.05=0.8m, and the total length of the two single suspension rods is 1.6m. The length of the cross arm angle steel (40 * 40 * 4) at the bottom of the bridge is also calculated to be 0.4m. After reserving 0.05m (drilling and installing suspension rods) at both ends, the total length of the angle steel is 0.4+0.05+0.05=0.6m. Two suspension rod angle steels are installed at the top of the floor, each with a length of 0.1m, totaling 0.2m.

　　以上计算出单个支吊架材料是：40*40*4等边角钢0.8m，D12圆钢1.6m长度；再换算为重量：角钢0.8*2.422=1.9376kg，圆钢1.6*0.888=1.4208kg；合计单个支吊架材料重量为：1.9376+1.4208=3.3584kg。

　　The above calculation shows that the material of a single support hanger is: 0.8m 40 * 40 * 4 equal angle steel, 1.6m D12 round steel length; Converted to weight: angle steel 0.8 * 2.422=1.9376kg, round steel 1.6 * 0.888=1.4208kg; the total weight of a single support and hanger material is: 1.9376+1.4208=3.3584kg.

　　B、计算400*150桥架长度以后，安装间距1.5m一个支架计算出支吊架的个数。

　　B、 After calculating the length of the 400 * 150 bridge, install a bracket with a spacing of 1.5m and calculate the number of supports and hangers.

　　C、以支吊架个数*单个支吊架重量=安装400*150桥架时的支架总重量。

　　C、 The total weight of the support when installing a 400 * 150 bridge is calculated by multiplying the number of supports and hangers by the weight of a single support and hanger.

　　D、安装支吊架总重量分别套铁构件制作和安装的定额子目就行了。

　　D、 The total weight of the installation support and hanger should be divided into the quota sub items for the production and installation of iron components.

　　（2）、电井内垂直桥架安装400*150钢制桥架安装的支吊架计算：

　　(2) Calculation of support and hanger for the installation of 400 * 150 steel cable tray in the vertical cable tray of the electric well:

　　A,电井垂直桥架一般采用梯式桥架，支架用角钢制作，根据桥架大小确定角钢；如L40*40*4角钢：0.2*2+0.1*2+0.4=1米，

　　A, Vertical cable trays for electric wells generally adopt ladder type cable trays, and the brackets are made of angle steel, which is determined according to the size of the cable tray; For example, L40 * 40 * 4 angle steel: 0.2 * 2+0.1 * 2+0.4=1 meter,

　　1米*2.422Kg/米=2.422Kg

　　1 meter * 2.422Kg/meter=2.422Kg

　　B,计算400*150桥架长度以后，安装间距1.5m一个支架计算出支吊架的个数。

　　B, After calculating the length of the 400 * 150 bridge, install a bracket with a spacing of 1.5m and calculate the number of supports and hangers.

　　C、以支吊架个数*单个支吊架重量=安装400*150桥架时的支架总重量。

　　C、 The total weight of the support when installing a 400 * 150 bridge is calculated by multiplying the number of supports and hangers by the weight of a single support and hanger.

　　D、安装支吊架总重量分别套铁构件制作和安装的定额子目就行了。

　　D、 The total weight of the installation support and hanger should be divided into the quota sub items for the production and installation of iron components.

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