济南电缆桥架内线缆别铺满！这不是省钱是埋隐患

　　Don't cover all the cables in the Jinan cable tray! This is not about saving money, it's about burying hidden dangers

　　做电气敷设工程时，不少施工人员会有个误区：觉得把电缆桥架塞满线缆更省事，能省出额外的桥架材料和施工成本。但内行人都清楚，桥架内线缆不能铺满，这看似省钱的操作，实则是在埋下严重的隐患。今天就从原理和规范要求两方面，把这个问题讲透，帮大家避开施工误区。

　　When doing electrical installation engineering, many construction workers have a misconception: they think that filling cable trays with cables is more convenient and can save additional tray materials and construction costs. But insiders are aware that the cables in the bridge must not be fully laid. This seemingly cost-effective operation is actually burying serious safety hazards. Today, we will explain this issue from two aspects: safety principles and regulatory requirements, to help everyone avoid construction misunderstandings.

　　桥架内线缆不能铺满，核心原因就在于**散热**。电缆在通电工作时，无论功率大小都会产生热量，这是无法避免的物理现象。而热量的散发效果，直接和线缆的敷设密度挂钩：如果桥架内线缆铺得太满、挤得太严实，线缆之间几乎没有空隙，产生的热量就很难散发出去，会在桥架内不断积聚。

　　The core reason why the cables inside the bridge cannot be fully laid is due to * * heat dissipation safety * *. When cables are powered on, they generate heat regardless of the power level, which is an unavoidable physical phenomenon. The heat dissipation effect is directly linked to the laying density of cables: if the cables in the cable tray are laid too full or squeezed too tightly, and there are almost no gaps between the cables, the heat generated is difficult to dissipate and will continue to accumulate inside the cable tray.

　　这种热量积聚带来的危害，远比想象中严重。，过高的温度会导致电缆的载流量下降——简单说，就是电缆能承载的电流会变小。如果此时用电负荷没有减少，就可能出现“过载但未跳闸”的危险情况：用电负荷的电流已经超过了电缆在高温下的实际载流量，但还没达到断路器的过载长延时电流阈值，这时候断路器不会提前动作切断电源，而电缆却会因为持续过载发热，绝缘层逐渐老化、熔化，终导致电缆烧断。更可怕的是，这种故障还可能引发短路、电火花，进而引燃周边可燃物，诱发火灾，造成不可估量的损失。

　　The harm caused by this heat accumulation is far more serious than imagined. Firstly, excessive temperature can cause a decrease in the current carrying capacity of the cable - in simple terms, the current that the cable can safely carry will decrease. If the electrical load does not decrease at this time, there may be a dangerous situation of "overload but not tripping": the current of the electrical load has exceeded the actual current carrying capacity of the cable at high temperature, but has not yet reached the overload long delay current threshold of the circuit breaker. At this time, the circuit breaker will not act prematurely to cut off the power supply, but the cable will continue to heat up due to continuous overload, and the insulation layer will gradually age and melt, ultimately leading to cable burnout. What's even more terrifying is that this kind of malfunction may also cause short circuits, electric sparks, and ignite surrounding combustibles, triggering fires and causing incalculable losses.

　　为了从源头规避这种风险，相关规范对桥架内线缆的敷设密度有明确要求：**桥架内所有线缆的截面积之和，不能超过桥架截面积的40%**。这个40%的比例，就是为了给线缆散热预留出足够的空间，让电缆工作时产生的热量能顺利散发，保证电缆始终在温度范围内运行，避免因过热导致的各类故障。

　　In order to avoid this risk from the source, relevant national regulations have clear requirements for the laying density of cables in the cable tray: the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all cables in the cable tray cannot exceed 40% of the cross-sectional area of the cable tray. This 40% ratio is to reserve enough space for cable heat dissipation, allowing the heat generated during cable operation to dissipate smoothly, ensuring that the cable always operates within a safe temperature range, and avoiding various faults caused by overheating.

　　除了控制截面积比例，规范还建议电缆在桥架内不要重叠布置。很多施工队为了多放线缆，会把电缆层层叠叠堆在桥架里，这种做法会进一步阻碍散热，即使总截面积没超过40%，也可能因为局部散热不畅出现问题。正确的做法是，让线缆在桥架内均匀排布，尽量保持平行且留有间隙，确保每根电缆都能充分散热。

　　In addition to controlling the cross-sectional area ratio, the standard also recommends that cables should not be arranged overlapping inside the cable tray. Many construction teams stack cables layer by layer in cable trays in order to accommodate more cables, which further hinders heat dissipation. Even if the total cross-sectional area does not exceed 40%, problems may still occur due to poor local heat dissipation. The correct approach is to evenly distribute the cables within the cable tray, keeping them parallel and leaving gaps as much as possible to ensure that each cable can dissipate heat sufficiently.

　　可能有人会觉得，“我之前也把桥架塞满过，没出什么问题”。这其实是侥幸心理在作祟，短期的正常运行不代表长期。一方面，电缆的绝缘层老化是一个渐进的过程，短期过热可能不会立刻显现故障，但会大幅缩短电缆的使用寿命；另一方面，若遇到夏季高温、用电高峰期等情况，电缆的发热量会骤增，原本“看似”的塞满状态，很可能瞬间突破阈值，引发故障。

　　Some people may think, 'I have filled the bridge before without any problems.'. This is actually due to a mentality of luck, and short-term normal operation does not necessarily mean long-term safety. On the one hand, the aging of the insulation layer of a cable is a gradual process, and short-term overheating may not immediately manifest as a fault, but it will significantly shorten the service life of the cable; On the other hand, if encountering high temperatures in summer, peak electricity consumption periods, or other situations, the heat generation of cables will suddenly increase. The originally "seemingly safe" state of being packed may easily break through the safety threshold in an instant, causing faults.

　　对于的电缆桥架厂家和施工团队来说，遵循这一规范是基本要求。比如烟台瑞鑫这类专注桥架生产的厂家，在提供产品和施工指导时，都会反复强调线缆敷设密度的要求，因为他们清楚，工程才是位的，省下来的这点材料成本，根本抵不上一次事故的损失。

　　For professional cable tray manufacturers and construction teams, following this specification is a basic requirement. For example, manufacturers such as Yantai Ruixin, who specialize in cable tray production, repeatedly emphasize the requirement for cable laying density when providing products and construction guidance, because they understand that engineering safety is the top priority, and the saved material costs cannot even offset the losses of a safety accident.

　　总结下来，电缆桥架内线缆“不铺满”，不是苛刻的要求，而是保障用电的底线。无论是施工人员还是工程负责人，都不能抱有侥幸心理，必须严格按照“线缆截面积不超过桥架截面积40%”的规范执行，同时保证线缆均匀排布、预留散热间隙。只有这样，才能确保电缆长期稳定运行，从根源上规避过热、烧断、火灾等隐患。如果对具体的敷设规范还有疑问，建议对照电气施工标准仔细核对，或咨询的电气工程师，让工程既合规又。

　　In summary, the requirement of not covering all cables in the cable tray is not a strict requirement, but a bottom line to ensure electrical safety. Both construction personnel and project leaders must not have a mentality of luck, and must strictly follow the standard of "cable cross-sectional area not exceeding 40% of the bridge cross-sectional area", while ensuring that cables are evenly distributed and reserved with heat dissipation gaps. Only in this way can we ensure the long-term stable operation of the cable and avoid safety hazards such as overheating, burning, and fire from the root. If there are still doubts about the specific laying specifications, it is recommended to carefully check against the national electrical construction standards or consult a professional electrical engineer to ensure that the project is both compliant and safe.

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