电缆桥架作为电力传输系统的重要支撑结构，其质量直接关系到电路与设备稳定运行。山东作为工业大省，各类厂房、高层建筑及市政工程中大量使用电缆桥架，若存在质量隐患，可能引发短路、火灾甚大规模停电等灾难性后果。防范这些风险需从材料选择、生产工艺、安装规范到维护管理形成全链条管控，结合山东地区的气候与工业环境特点，采取针对性措施。

　　As an important supporting structure of power transmission systems, the quality of cable trays directly affects the safety of circuits and the stable operation of equipment. As a major industrial province, Shandong extensively uses cable trays in various factories, high-rise buildings, and municipal engineering projects. If there are quality hazards, it may lead to catastrophic consequences such as short circuits, fires, and even large-scale power outages. To prevent these risks, it is necessary to form a full chain control from material selection, production technology, installation standards to maintenance management, and take targeted measures based on the climate and industrial environment characteristics of Shandong region.

　　材料选用：适配环境的基础保障

　　Material selection: the basic guarantee for adapting to the environment

　　山东半岛沿海地区的高湿度与盐雾环境，对电缆桥架的抗腐蚀性提出严苛要求。选用材质时，需避免单纯追求低成本而使用普通冷轧钢板，应根据环境特性选择适配材料：沿海及化工园区宜采用 304 或 316 不锈钢材质，其铬镍合金成分可形成钝化膜，抵御氯离子侵蚀；内陆干燥地区可选用热浸锌钢板，锌层厚度需达到 85μm 以上，通过牺牲阳极保护机制延缓锈蚀。对于高温车间（如冶金、铸造厂区），还需在钢材表面涂刷耐高温涂料（耐温≥200℃），防止温度变化导致涂层脱落。

　　The high humidity and salt spray environment in the coastal areas of the Shandong Peninsula impose strict requirements on the corrosion resistance of cable trays. When selecting materials, it is necessary to avoid simply pursuing low cost and using ordinary cold-rolled steel plates. Suitable materials should be selected according to environmental characteristics: 304 or 316 stainless steel materials should be used in coastal and chemical parks, and their chromium nickel alloy composition can form a passive film to resist chloride ion erosion; Hot dip galvanized steel plates can be used in inland dry areas, with a zinc layer thickness of 85 μ m or more, and a sacrificial anode protection mechanism can be used to delay corrosion. For high-temperature workshops such as metallurgy and casting plants, it is also necessary to apply high-temperature resistant coatings (temperature resistance ≥ 200 ℃) on the surface of the steel to prevent coating detachment caused by temperature changes.

　　材料厚度是承载能力的核心指标，需严格遵循设计标准：承载 100kg/m 以下电缆的桥架，侧板厚度不应小于 1.5mm；重型桥架（承载 200kg/m 以上）需达到 2.5-3mm，且底部应增加加强筋。山东部分中小企业存在 “减薄厚度” 的偷工减料行为，导致桥架在长期承重后出现变形、坍塌，需通过进场抽检（随机截取样品测量厚度）杜绝此类隐患。

　　The material thickness is the core indicator of bearing capacity and must strictly follow the design standards: for cable trays carrying cables below 100kg/m, the thickness of the side plate should not be less than 1.5mm; for heavy-duty cable trays (carrying cables above 200kg/m), it should reach 2.5-3mm, and reinforcement bars should be added at the bottom. Some small and medium-sized enterprises in Shandong have engaged in the practice of cutting corners and materials to reduce thickness, which has led to deformation and collapse of bridge frames after long-term load-bearing. Such hidden dangers need to be eliminated through on-site sampling (random sample measurement of thickness).

　　生产工艺：隐性缺陷的关键环节

　　Production process: the key link to eliminate hidden defects

　　焊接质量直接影响桥架结构完整性。手工焊接易出现漏焊、虚焊等问题，在山东潮湿环境中，焊缝处易成为锈蚀起点，进而引发整体结构失效。应推广自动化焊接工艺，确保焊缝连续饱满，焊渣彻底后需进行二次防腐处理（如喷涂锌含量≥95% 的冷喷锌剂）。对于桥架转角、三通等异形部位，需采用整体冲压成型工艺替代拼接焊接，减少应力集中点，避免受力时开裂。

　　The welding quality directly affects the integrity of the bridge structure. Manual welding is prone to problems such as missed welding and virtual welding. In the humid environment of Shandong, the weld seam is prone to become the starting point of corrosion, which can lead to overall structural failure. Automated welding processes should be promoted to ensure that the weld seam is continuous and full. After thorough removal of welding slag, secondary anti-corrosion treatment (such as spraying cold spray zinc agent with a zinc content of ≥ 95%) is required. For irregular parts such as bridge corners and tees, integral stamping forming technology should be used instead of splicing and welding to reduce stress concentration points and avoid cracking under stress.

　　表面处理工艺是防腐的防线。热浸锌工艺需控制锌液温度在 440-460℃，浸锌时间根据厚度设定为 30-60 秒，确保锌层均匀附着；静电喷涂工艺的粉末涂料需选用耐候性树脂，固化温度保持在 180-200℃，形成厚度 60-80μm 的连续涂层。山东夏季高温强紫外线环境下，劣质涂料易出现粉化、剥落，需通过加速老化试验（模拟 3 年户外环境）验证涂层耐久性。

　　The surface treatment process is the last line of defense against corrosion. The hot-dip galvanizing process requires controlling the temperature of the zinc solution at 440-460 ℃ and setting the galvanizing time at 30-60 seconds according to the thickness to ensure uniform adhesion of the zinc layer; The powder coating for electrostatic spraying process needs to use weather resistant resin, with a curing temperature maintained at 180-200 ℃, to form a continuous coating with a thickness of 60-80 μ m. Under the high temperature and strong ultraviolet environment in Shandong during summer, inferior coatings are prone to powdering and peeling, and the durability of the coating needs to be verified through accelerated aging tests (simulating a 3-year outdoor environment).

　　安装规范：规避施工引发的风险

　　Installation standards: Avoiding safety risks caused by construction

　　支架固定方式需适配建筑结构特性。在山东常见的混凝土楼板安装时，膨胀螺栓应选用 M10 以上规格，埋入深度不小于 80mm，且每米桥架少设置 2 个支架；钢结构厂房内则需采用焊接固定，焊缝长度不小于支架宽度的 2/3，并做防腐处理。安装间距需严格控制：直线段桥架支架间距≤1.5m，转弯处前后 300mm 内需各增设一个支架，防止因跨度过大导致中间下垂，造成电缆受力不均。

　　The fixing method of the bracket needs to be adapted to the characteristics of the building structure. When installing common concrete floor slabs in Shandong, expansion bolts should be selected with specifications of M10 or above, buried at a depth of not less than 80mm, and at least 2 brackets should be installed per meter of bridge frame; The steel structure factory building needs to be fixed by welding, with a weld length not less than 2/3 of the support width, and anti-corrosion treatment should be carried out. The installation spacing needs to be strictly controlled: the spacing between the supports of the straight section bridge should be ≤ 1.5m, and one support should be added 300mm before and after the turning point to prevent the cable from sagging in the middle due to excessive span and uneven stress.

　　桥架敷设的坡度与防火措施不可忽视。在配电室、数据中心等重要场所，桥架应保持 3‰-5‰的排水坡度，底部开设直径 5mm 的泄水孔，避免山东雨季积水渗入电缆绝缘层。穿越防火墙或楼板时，需在孔洞处填充防火密封胶（耐火极限≥1.5h），桥架本体涂刷防火涂料（膨胀型，遇火膨胀倍率≥250%），阻止火势沿桥架蔓延。

　　The slope and fire prevention measures for cable tray installation cannot be ignored. In important places such as power distribution rooms and data centers, cable trays should maintain a drainage slope of 3 ‰ -5 ‰, and a drainage hole with a diameter of 5mm should be opened at the bottom to prevent water from seeping into the cable insulation layer during the rainy season in Shandong. When passing through firewalls or floors, it is necessary to fill the holes with fireproof sealant (fire resistance limit ≥ 1.5 hours), and apply fireproof coating (expansion type, expansion ratio ≥ 250% in case of fire) to the bridge body to prevent the spread of fire along the bridge.

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