当你在一个重大项目上安装电源或控制线路时，是否考虑多次了?制浆造纸行业的电气工程师就经常遇到这种情况，通常考虑以下几个方面：

　　Have you considered installing power or control circuits multiple times on a major project? Electrical engineers in the pulp and paper industry often encounter this situation and usually consider the following aspects:

　　1、经济考虑

　　1. Economic considerations

　　2、环境因素

　　2. Environmental factors

　　3、机械强度和耐腐蚀性

　　3. Mechanical strength and corrosion resistance

　　4、便于安装

　　4. Easy to install

　　5、容易变更(这在短期项目中很重要)

　　5. Easy to change (which is important in short-term projects)

　　6、允许未来布线变动

　　6. Allow future wiring changes

　　7、可在危险场所使用

　　7. Can be used in hazardous areas

　　成本是大多数工程项目的重要因素，电缆桥架的成本通常低于其他等效的布线，这提高了电缆桥架的市场占有率。而穿线管具有限度地保护电路的明显优势，并且在正确安装的情况下，不会违反电气规范。

　　Cost is an important factor in most engineering projects, and the cost of cable trays is usually lower than other equivalent wiring, which increases the market share of cable trays. The conduit has the obvious advantage of maximizing the protection of the circuit and, when installed correctly, will not violate electrical regulations.

　　电缆桥架虽然容易按照正确的方式安装，但几乎不能确保它会维持这种状态。在紧急需要时，电缆桥架可能会被添加额外的电缆，导致电缆过多，违反了规范。

　　Although cable trays are easy to install in the correct way, it is almost impossible to guarantee that they will maintain this state. In case of emergency, additional cables may be added to the cable tray, resulting in excessive cables and violating regulations.

　　对于集中在一个区域的大量电缆的安装，电缆桥架是一个很好的选择，如电机控制中心室，用于集散控制系统的仪表架室，集中控制室等。大型电缆桥架可以离开电机控制中心，进入仪表和电机所在的场所，进一步延伸到工作现场时可以减小尺寸。

　　For the installation of a large number of cables concentrated in one area, cable trays are a good choice, such as motor control center rooms, instrument rack rooms for distributed control systems, centralized control rooms, etc. Large cable trays can leave the motor control center and enter the area where instruments and motors are located, further reducing their size when extended to the work site.

　　电缆桥架应安装在物料溢出、化学品暴露及设备损坏风险小的区域，如果遭遇物品溢出，很快就会被干纸浆、黑液和各种物体堵塞，造成火灾风险。在工艺设备的维护过程中，焊接火花经常落到纸浆上，引发电缆桥架火灾。这不是孤立的事件，在许多有电缆桥架的地方都发生过。

　　Cable trays should be installed in areas with the lowest risk of material spillage, chemical exposure, and equipment damage. If they encounter material spillage, they will quickly be blocked by dry pulp, black liquor, and various objects, posing a fire risk. During the maintenance of process equipment, welding sparks often fall onto the pulp, causing cable tray fires. This is not an isolated incident, it has occurred in many places with cable trays.

　　电缆桥架火灾产生的烟雾扩散要求在垂直或水平中间位置安装防火板，根据组合电缆和电线的厂际防火，建议电缆桥架之间的小间距不应小于0.6m。在化学品浓度较高的区域，电缆桥架的安装变得关重要。

　　The smoke diffusion generated by cable tray fires requires the installation of fireproof boards in the vertical or horizontal middle position. According to the inter factory fire prevention of composite cables and wires, it is recommended that the minimum spacing between cable trays should not be less than 0.6m. In areas with high chemical concentrations, the installation of cable trays becomes crucial.

　　任何不同金属的接触都会导致电解，钢支架与铝电缆桥架直接接触会导致电缆桥架和支架都被腐蚀。玻璃纤维不易受此影响，但会增加成本。在此类恶劣环境中，使用玻璃纤维可能是除PVC穿线管之外的选择。为帮助减轻火灾危害和化学作用，加电缆桥架盖板可以防止纸浆、石灰粉尘、矿物质进入。

　　Any contact between different metals can lead to electrolysis, and direct contact between steel supports and aluminum cable trays can cause corrosion of both cable trays and supports. Fiberglass is not easily affected by this, but it will increase costs. In such harsh environments, using fiberglass may be the only option besides PVC conduit. To help reduce fire hazards and chemical reactions, adding cable tray covers can prevent pulp, lime dust, and minerals from entering.

　　安装电缆桥架时要考虑的另一个因素是电缆桥架的机械性能，电缆桥架经常受到操作设备(如推土机、叉车、卡车和其他重型设备)的机械危害。此外，电缆桥架还容易被误用作脚手架平台、工人走道和支撑管道的底座。

　　Another factor to consider when installing cable trays is the mechanical performance of the cable trays, which are often subject to mechanical hazards from operating equipment such as bulldozers, forklifts, trucks, and other heavy equipment. In addition, cable trays are also prone to misuse as scaffolding platforms, worker walkways, and bases for supporting pipelines.

　　电缆桥架中可以填充的电缆数量取决于电缆直径和电缆桥架的截面积，《低压配电设计规范》(GB50054-2011)中规定：电缆在电缆桥架和梯架内敷设时，电缆总截面积与电缆桥架和梯架横断面面积之比，电力电缆不应大于40%，控制电缆不应大于50%。

　　The number of cables that can be filled in cable trays depends on the diameter of the cables and the cross-sectional area of the cable trays. According to the "Code for Design of Low Voltage Power Distribution" (GB50054-2011), when laying cables in cable trays and ladders, the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of the cables to the cross-sectional area of the cable trays and ladders should not exceed 40% for power cables and 50% for control cables.

　　维修电工把电缆拉入电缆桥架里，以保持工厂的生产。他不关心规范，只关心机器坏了，让它恢复生产的方法是铺设新电缆。如果电缆桥架已经达到填充量，则电缆将放置在现有电缆的顶部，并违反电气规范，这是项目工程师关心的问题。

　　The maintenance electrician pulls the cable into the cable tray to maintain the factory's production. He doesn't care about regulations, he only cares about the machine breaking down, and the only way to restore production is to lay new cables. If the cable tray has reached its maximum filling capacity, the cables will be placed on top of the existing cables and violate electrical specifications, which is the most concerning issue for project engineers.

　　电缆桥架的可访问性往往会打开违反规范的门，这是业内普遍的做法。工程师通常是负责初的安装，但一旦完成任务，就与此无关了。

　　The accessibility of cable trays often opens doors that violate regulations, which is a common practice in the industry. Engineers are usually responsible for the initial installation, but once the task is completed, it becomes irrelevant.

　　电缆桥架安装的限制包含在电气规范中，是在电缆桥架中正确填充电缆的要求。违反规范的情况很常见，设备维护人员需要意识到将额外电缆拉入现有电缆桥架的后果。

　　The limitations of cable tray installation are included in the electrical specifications and are the minimum requirements for correctly filling cables in cable trays. Violations of regulations are common, and equipment maintenance personnel need to be aware of the consequences of pulling additional cables into existing cable trays.

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