电缆桥架作为电力系统的“血管支架”，其质量直接关系到工程与使用寿命。然而，市场上以次充好、偷工减料的现象屡见不鲜。本文从运营人员视角出发，结合行业验货标准与实战经验，提炼出三个核心验货细节，助您精准识别劣质产品。

　　As the "vascular support" of the power system, the quality of cable trays directly affects engineering safety and service life. However, the phenomenon of passing off inferior products as good and cutting corners is not uncommon in the market. This article starts from the perspective of operators, combines industry inspection standards and practical experience, and extracts three core inspection details to help you accurately identify inferior products.

　　细节一：材料质量穿透式检查——撕开“合格证”的伪装

　　Detail 1: Penetrating inspection of material quality - tearing off the disguise of the "certificate of conformity"

　　材质证明文件溯源

　　Traceability of Material Certification Documents

　　要求供应商提供原始材质报告，关注钢材的化学成分（如碳、硅含量）是否符合GB/T 700《碳素结构钢》标准。

　　Require suppliers to provide original material reports, with a focus on whether the chemical composition of the steel (such as carbon and silicon content) meets the GB/T 700 "Carbon Structural Steel" standard.

　　警惕“部分合格证”陷阱：某企业曾发现桥架侧板材质达标，但盖板使用回收废钢，导致防腐性能下降60%。

　　Beware of the trap of "partial qualification certificate": A certain enterprise once found that the material of the bridge side panel meets the standard, but the cover plate uses recycled scrap steel, resulting in a 60% decrease in anti-corrosion performance.

　　厚度实测“三区法”

　　Three zone method for thickness measurement

　　使用千分尺在桥架的底部、侧边、盖板三处各测5个点，确保板材厚度≥标称值的95%。

　　Use a micrometer to measure 5 points at the bottom, sides, and cover plate of the bridge, ensuring that the thickness of the board is ≥ 95% of the nominal value.

　　案例警示：某项目因桥架底部厚度不足，满载电缆后出现“波浪形”变形，引发隐患。

　　Case warning: Due to insufficient thickness at the bottom of the cable tray, a "wavy" deformation occurred after fully loaded cables in a certain project, causing a safety hazard.

　　表面处理“三维度”评估

　　Three dimensional evaluation of surface treatment

　　防腐层厚度：热镀锌层应≥65μm（用涂层测厚仪检测）。

　　Thickness of anti-corrosion layer: The hot-dip galvanized layer should be ≥ 65 μ m (measured with a coating thickness gauge).

　　附着力测试：用刀片划格后粘贴胶带，脱落面积应＜5%。

　　Adhesion test: After cutting the grid with a blade, stick the tape, and the peeling area should be less than 5%.

　　工艺缺陷：检查是否有漏镀、毛刺、流挂（常见于喷塑桥架）。

　　Process defects: Check for missing plating, burrs, and sagging (commonly seen in spray painted bridge frames).

　　细节二：结构精度“毫米级”验收——堵住组装漏洞

　　Detail 2: Acceptance of "Millimeter Level" Structural Accuracy - Blocking Assembly Vulnerabilities

　　焊接质量“三查法”

　　Three methods for checking welding quality

　　查焊缝：焊缝高度应≥母材厚度0.8倍，无气孔、夹渣。

　　Check the weld seam: The height of the weld seam should be ≥ 0.8 times the thickness of the base metal, and there should be no porosity or slag inclusion.

　　查熔深：关键部位（如梯边与横档连接处）需切开截面，确认熔深≥3mm。

　　Check the melting depth: Key parts (such as the connection between the ladder edge and the crossbar) need to be cut in section to confirm that the melting depth is ≥ 3mm.

　　查应力：轻敲焊缝区域，异常脆响可能暗示焊接过热导致材质劣化。

　　Stress check: Lightly tap the weld area, abnormal brittle noise may indicate welding overheating leading to material degradation.

　　组装精度“双控”标准

　　Double control standard for assembly accuracy

　　孔位偏差：连接孔孔距偏差应≤±1mm（用游标卡尺测量）。

　　Hole position deviation: The deviation of the distance between the connecting holes should be ≤ ± 1mm (measured with a vernier caliper).

　　螺栓匹配：M8螺栓孔径应为8.4-8.6mm，过大易松动，过小则强装损伤螺纹。

　　Bolt matching: The diameter of the M8 bolt hole should be 8.4-8.6mm. If it is too large, it is easy to loosen, and if it is too small, it will forcefully install and damage the thread.

　　负载模拟“沙袋测试”

　　Load simulation "sandbag test"

　　在桥架铺设沙袋设计荷载的1.5倍，静置1小时后：

　　Lay sandbags in the center of the bridge to 1.5 times the design load, and let it stand for 1 hour:

　　垂直变形量应＜L/200（L为桥架跨度）

　　The vertical deformation should be less than L/200 (L is the span of the bridge)

　　连接件不得出现滑丝或开裂。

　　The connectors must not have any slipping or cracking.

　　细节三：标识与认证“穿透式”核验——破解虚假宣传

　　Detail 3: Penetrating verification of identification and authentication - cracking down on false advertising

　　产品标识“五要素”核对

　　Verification of the "Five Elements" of Product Identification

　　桥架本体或包装上必须标注：

　　The bridge body or packaging must be labeled with:

　　执行标准（如/T 10216）

　　Execution standards (such as /T 10216)

　　规格型号（如200×100×1.5）

　　Specification and model (such as 200 × 100 × 1.5)

　　材质代号（Q235B/不锈钢304等）

　　Material code (Q235B/stainless steel 304, etc.)

　　生产日期

　　Production date

　　厂家标识

　　Manufacturer identification

　　缺失任一要素直接判定为不合格品。

　　Any missing element is directly judged as a non-conforming product.

　　检测报告“三重验证”

　　Triple verification of testing report

　　机构资质：报告需带有CMA或CNAS标识。

　　Institutional Qualification: The report must bear the CMA or CNAS logo.

　　关键数据：载荷测试值应≥标称值的120%，盐雾试验≥480小时无锈蚀。

　　Key data: The load test value should be ≥ 120% of the nominal value, and there should be no corrosion after salt spray test for ≥ 480 hours.

　　报告时效：超过1年的报告需谨慎采信（材料性能可能退化）。

　　Report timeliness: Reports exceeding 1 year should be considered with caution (material properties may degrade).

　　认证标志“有效期”核查

　　Verification of the "validity period" of the certification mark

　　认证、防火认证等需在有效期内，且认证型号与到货产品一致。

　　Energy saving certification, fire protection certification, etc. must be within their validity period, and the certification model must be consistent with the received product.

　　案例：某企业使用过期认证报告，被抽检发现桥架实际厚度比认证样品薄20%。

　　Case: A certain enterprise used an expired certification report and was found to have a bridge frame thickness that was 20% thinner than the certified sample during random inspection.

　　避坑总结：验货不是“走过场”

　　Summary of Avoiding Pits: Inspection is not a mere formality

　　工具准备：千分尺、游标卡尺、涂层测厚仪、放大镜（检查焊接内部）。

　　Tool preparation: micrometer, vernier caliper, coating thickness gauge, magnifying glass (for inspecting the inside of the weld).

　　抽样规则：按GB/T 2828.1执行抽样，批量＞500件时，AQL值设为1.0。

　　Sampling rule: Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 2828.1. When the batch size is greater than 500 pieces, the AQL value shall be set to 1.0.

　　留存证据：对关键缺陷拍照、录像，要求供应商签字确认。

　　Retain evidence: Take photos and videos of key defects, and require suppliers to sign and confirm.

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