在我们生活中很多地方都能够看到电缆桥架的身影，电缆桥架不仅可以保护电缆电线不受外界因素损坏，还可以保障我们日常用电的。

　　Cable trays can be seen in many places in our daily life. They not only protect cables and wires from damage caused by external factors, but also ensure the safety of our daily electricity usage.

　　桥架是由托盘、梯架的直线段、弯通、附件以及支、吊架等构成，用以支承电缆的具有连续的刚性结构系统的总称。是应用在水平布线和垂直布线系统的安装通道。

　　A cable tray is a general term for a continuous rigid structural system consisting of trays, straight sections of ladder racks, bends, accessories, and supports and hangers, used to support cables. It is an installation channel applied in horizontal and vertical cabling systems.

　　电缆桥架是使电线、电缆、管缆铺设达到标准化、系列化、通用化的电缆铺设装置。

　　Cable trays are cable laying devices that enable the standardized, serialized, and universalized laying of wires, cables, and conduits.

　　一、 电缆桥架的分类

　　二、 电缆桥架的安装规定

　　三、 桥架内电缆敷设的规定

　　四、 电缆桥架的计算

　　五、BIM软件技巧---桥架材质的添加

　　一、电缆桥架的分类

　　1槽式电缆桥架

　　槽式电缆桥架是一种全封闭型电缆桥架。它适用于敷设计算机电缆、通信电缆、热电偶电缆及其他高灵敏系统的控制电缆等。

　　1. Classification of Cable Trays

　　2. Installation Regulations for Cable Trays

　　3. Regulations for Cable Laying in Trays

　　4. Calculation of Cable Trays

　　5. BIM Software Skills - Adding Tray Materials

　　1. Classification of Cable Trays

　　1.1 Slotted Cable Trays

　　Slotted cable trays are a fully enclosed type of cable tray. They are most suitable for laying computer cables, communication cables, thermocouple cables, and control cables for other high-sensitivity systems.

　　它对控制电缆的屏蔽干扰和重腐蚀中环境电缆的防护都有较好的效果。

　　It has good effects on shielding interference of control cables and protection of environmental cables in severe corrosion conditions.

　　2托盘式电缆桥架

　　托盘式电缆桥架是石油、化工、轻工、电讯等方面应用广泛的一种。它具有重量轻、载荷大、造型美 、结构简单、安装方便等优点。

　　2 Tray-type Cable Tray

　　Tray-type cable tray is one of the most widely used types in petroleum, chemical, light industry, telecommunications, and other fields. It has the advantages of light weight, large load capacity, beautiful appearance, simple structure, and convenient installation.

　　它既适用于动力电缆的安装，也适合于控制电缆的敷设。

　　It is suitable for both the installation of power cables and the laying of control cables.

　　它的外观和槽式简直没什么不同，不过它的底部带有打孔，所以散热功能会比槽式的好许多。

　　Its appearance is almost indistinguishable from the slot type, but it has holes on the bottom, so its heat dissipation function is much better than that of the slot type.

　　3梯级式电缆桥架

　　梯级式电缆桥架它的外观跟梯子相同。它具有重量轻、成本低、造型别具、安装方便、散热、透气好等优点。

　　3. Ladder-type Cable Tray

　　The ladder-type cable tray resembles a ladder in appearance. It boasts advantages such as light weight, low cost, unique design, convenient installation, good heat dissipation, and excellent ventilation.

　　它适用于一般直径较大电缆的敷设，适合于高、低压动力电缆的敷设。

　　It is suitable for laying cables with generally larger diameters, and is particularly suitable for laying high and low voltage power cables.

　　这里需要提到一个线槽的概念，很多人把桥架与线槽混为一体，认为功能大体相同，其实不然，如图：

　　桥架与线槽的主要区别

　　● 桥架主要用于敷设电力电缆和控制电缆，线槽用于敷设导线和通讯线缆；

　　● 桥架相对大（200×100到600×200)，线槽相对较小；

　　● 桥架拐弯半径比较大，线槽大部分拐直角弯；桥架跨距比较大，线槽比较小；固定、安装方式不同；

　　● 在某些场所，桥架没盖，线槽通常全是带盖封闭的线槽来走线，桥架则是用来走电缆的。

　　Here, it is necessary to mention the concept of a wire duct. Many people confuse cable trays with wire ducts, thinking that their functions are largely the same. However, this is not the case, as illustrated in the figure below:

　　Main differences between cable trays and wire ducts

　　● Cable trays are mainly used for laying power cables and control cables, while wire ducts are used for laying conductors and communication cables;

　　● Cable trays are relatively larger (200×100 to 600×200), while wire ducts are relatively smaller;

　　● Cable trays have a larger turning radius, while most wire ducts make right-angle turns; cable trays have a larger span, while wire ducts have a smaller span; the methods of fixation and installation are different;

　　● In some places, cable trays are uncovered, while wire ducts are usually enclosed with covers for routing wires. Cable trays are used for routing cables.

　　二、电缆桥架的安装规定

　　1、直线段钢制电缆桥架长度超过30m、铝合金或玻璃钢制电缆桥架长度超过15m设有伸缩节；电缆桥架跨越建筑物变形缝处设置补偿装置；

　　2、电缆桥架转弯处的弯曲半径，不小于桥架内电缆小允许弯曲半径；

　　3、当设计无要求时，电缆桥架水平安装的支架间距为1.5～3m；垂直安装的支架间距不大于2m；

　　4、桥架与支架间螺栓、桥架连接板螺栓固定紧固无漏掉，螺母位于桥架外侧；当铝合金桥架与钢支架固定时，有相互间绝缘的防电化侵蚀措施；

　　5、敷设在竖井内和穿越不同防火区的桥架，按设计要求位置有防火隔堵措施；

　　6、支架与预埋件焊接固定时，焊缝丰满；膨胀螺栓固定时，选用螺栓适配，螺栓紧固，防松零件齐全。

　　II. Installation Regulations for Cable Trays

　　1. Expansion joints shall be provided for steel cable trays with a length exceeding 30m in straight sections, and for aluminum alloy or fiberglass cable trays with a length exceeding 15m; compensation devices shall be installed at the locations where cable trays cross building deformation joints;

　　2. The bending radius of cable trays at turns shall not be less than the minimum allowable bending radius of the cables inside the tray;

　　3. When there are no design requirements, the spacing between supports for horizontally installed cable trays shall be 1.5-3m; the spacing between supports for vertically installed cable trays shall not exceed 2m;

　　4. Bolts between trays and supports, as well as bolts connecting trays, shall be firmly fixed without omissions, with nuts located on the outside of the trays; when aluminum alloy trays are fixed to steel supports, measures for mutual insulation against electrochemical corrosion shall be taken;

　　5. Cable trays laid in shafts and crossing different fire zones shall be provided with fireproofing and blocking measures at the locations required by design;

　　6. When supports are welded and fixed to embedded parts, the weld joints shall be full; when expansion bolts are used for fixation, suitable bolts shall be selected, the bolts shall be tightened, and anti-loose parts shall be complete.

　　三、桥架内电缆敷设的规定

　　1、大于45°倾斜敷设的电缆每隔2m处设固定点；

　　2、电缆出入电缆沟、竖井、建筑物、柜（盘）、台处以及管子管口处等做密封处理；

　　3、电缆敷设排列整洁，水平敷设的电缆，首尾两端、转弯两侧及每隔5～10m处设固定点；敷设于垂直桥架内的电缆固定点间距符合要求。

　　III. Provisions for Cable Laying in Trays

　　1. For cables laid at an angle greater than 45°, set up fixing points every 2m;

　　2. Seal the entry and exit of cables from cable trenches, shafts, buildings, cabinets (panels), platforms, and pipe orifices;

　　3. The cables should be neatly arranged. For horizontally laid cables, set up fixing points at both ends, on both sides of turns, and every 5-10m; the spacing between fixing points for cables laid in vertical trays should meet the requirements.

　　四、电缆桥架的计算

　　1电缆桥架的实际荷载量计算

　　G总 = n1*q1+ n2*q2 + n3*q3……nn*qn

　　公式中：G总为总荷载，q1、q2、q3……qn为每根电缆单位重量（kg/m），n1、n2、n3……nn为相同电缆的根数。

　　IV. Calculation of Cable Trays 1. Calculation of Actual Load Capacity of Cable Trays Gtotal = n1*q1 + n2*q2 + n3*q3 + ... + nn*qn In the formula, Gtotal represents the total load, q1, q2, q3, ..., qn denote the unit weight (kg/m) of each cable, and n1, n2, n3, ..., nn signify the number of identical cables.

　　（G总<G允，G允电缆桥架的允许荷载，因为当电缆桥架带护罩在室外安装时，还应计人电缆桥架承受的冰雪等载荷的影响。）

　　2电缆桥架宽度的计算

　　电缆桥架宽度的确定随着电力电缆和控制电缆工作制的不同而有所区别。

　　(Gtotal < Gallowable, where Gallowable represents the allowable load of the cable tray. This is because when the cable tray is installed outdoors with a protective cover, the impact of maximum loads such as ice and snow that the cable tray may bear should also be taken into account.) 2. Calculation of Cable Tray Width The determination of cable tray width varies depending on the duty cycle of power cables and control cables.

　　GB50054-95第5.6.14条中规定，电缆在桥架内敷设时，电缆总截面面积与桥架横断面之比，电力电缆不应大于40%，控制电缆不应大于50%。

　　According to Article 5.6.14 of GB50054-95, when cables are laid in trays, the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of the cables to the cross-sectional area of the tray should not exceed 40% for power cables and 50% for control cables.

　　（1）由于电力电缆在桥架内一般是单层水平排放，所以其安装桥架宽度b为：

　　b=n1*(d1+k1)+n2*(d2+k2)+n3*(d3+k3)+……nn*（dn+kn）

　　公式中：d1、d2、d3……dn为桥架内各种电缆的外径，单位为mm；n1、n2、n3……nn为上述同种型号规格电缆的根数；K1、k2、k3……为上述电缆放置时的间距，其值小应大于电缆直径的1／4。

　　(1) Since power cables are generally arranged horizontally in a single layer within the tray, the width b of the installation tray is calculated as follows: b=n1*(d1+k1)+n2*(d2+k2)+n3*(d3+k3)+……nn*（dn+kn) In the formula, d1, d2, d3……dn represent the outer diameters of various cables within the tray, measured in millimeters; n1, n2, n3……nn denote the number of cables of the same model and specification mentioned above; K1, k2, k3……represent the spacing between the aforementioned cables during placement, with the minimum value being greater than 1/4 of the cable diameter.

　　（2）控制电缆桥架的宽度b的计算：（一般电缆桥架的填充率取40%左右）

　　电缆的总截面积：S=S0/40%d=S/H=S0/40%h

　　公式中：S0=n1*S1+n2*S2+n3*S3+……；n1、n2、n3...为相应电缆的根数；S1、S2、S3...为各电缆横截面积（按电缆外径计算）；

　　需要的托架横载面积：So=n1，式中：h为电缆桥架净高。

　　(2) Calculation of the width b of the control cable tray: (Generally, the filling rate of the cable tray is taken as about 40%) The total cross-sectional area of the cables: S=S0/40%d=S/H=S0/40%h In the formula: S0=n1*S1+n2*S2+n3*S3+...; n1, n2, n3... represent the number of corresponding cables; S1, S2, S3... represent the cross-sectional areas of each cable (calculated based on the outer diameter of the cable); The required cross-sectional area of the bracket: So=n1, where h represents the clear height of the cable tray.

　　针对上述复杂的计算公式，我们非人士还是很难计算，现在告诉大家一个经验表格，辅助大家在电缆桥架支架受力演算时查找对应数值。

　　Given the aforementioned complex calculation formulas, it is difficult for non-professionals to calculate. Now, we will provide you with an empirical table to assist you in finding the corresponding values during the force calculation of cable tray supports.

　　五、桥架材质的添加

　　桥架在Revit软件中默认是没有材质的，导致我们把桥架导入一些渲染软件中也没有材质，下面给大家介绍两种电缆桥架添加材质的方法。

　　5. Adding Material to Cable Trays

　　By default, cable trays in Revit software do not have a material assigned, which leads to the issue of importing them into rendering software without any material. Below, we will introduce two methods for adding material to cable trays.

　　电缆桥架--无材质

　　电缆桥架--添加材质后

　　1、种方法：

　　种添加的方式为【管理】--【设置】--【对象样式】在对应的样式里设置，如图：

　　2、第二种方法：

　　第二种添加的方式为，点击选中桥架后在【管理】--【设置】--【项目参数】，通过添加项目参数或共享参数给桥架添加材质参数，如图：

　　图：给桥架赋予材质的项目参数

　　注意：需要设置为实例参数

　　然后在绘图区域中选中需要设置材质的桥架，在属性面板中，点击刚刚添加的“材质”参数选项，然后设置桥架材质信息，如图：

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　　Cable tray -- no material Cable tray -- after adding material 1. First method: The first way to add is through [Manage] -- [Settings] -- [Object Styles] in the corresponding style, as shown in the figure: 2. Second method: The second way to add is by clicking and selecting the tray, then going to [Manage] -- [Settings] -- [Project Parameters], and adding material parameters to the tray by adding project parameters or shared parameters, as shown in the figure: Figure: Assign material to the tray Project parameters Note: It needs to be set as an instance parameter. Then select the tray in the drawing area that needs to be set with material, click the "material" parameter option just added in the property panel, and set the tray material information, as shown in the figure: This article is kindly contributed by Jinan Cable Tray. For more relevant knowledge, please click http://www.sddlqj.cn/ with a sincere attitude. We will continue to provide you with comprehensive services. More relevant knowledge will be presented to you in the future. Please stay tuned